Authors:
Di Marzo V, Piscitelli F, Mechoulam R.
Abstract:
The cannabinoid receptors for Δ(9)-THC, and particularly, the CB(1)
receptor, as well as its endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids
anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, are deeply involved in all
aspects of the control of energy balance in mammals. While initially it
was believed that this endocannabinoid signaling system would only
facilitate energy intake, we now know that perhaps even more important
functions of endocannabinoids and CB(1) receptors in this context are to
enhance energy storage into the adipose tissue and reduce energy
expenditure by influencing both lipid and glucose metabolism. Although
normally well controlled by hormones and neuropeptides, both central and
peripheral aspects of endocannabinoid regulation of energy balance can
become dysregulated and contribute to obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2
diabetes, thus raising the possibility that CB(1) antagonists might be
used for the treatment of these metabolic disorders. On the other hand,
evidence is emerging that some nonpsychotropic plant cannabinoids, such
as cannabidiol, can be employed to retard β-cell damage in type 1
diabetes. These novel aspects of endocannabinoid research are reviewed
in this chapter, with emphasis on the biological effects of plant
cannabinoids and endocannabinoid receptor antagonists in diabetes.